ANALISIS YURIDIS DAN NORMATIF TERHADAP PRAKTIK EUTHANASIA DALAM PERSPEKTIF HUKUM POSITIF INDONESIA DAN HUKUM ISLAM
Keywords:
Euthanasia, Islamic law, Indonesian positive lawAbstract
The rapid advancement of medical science and healthcare technology has given rise to various legal and ethical issues, one of which is euthanasia. Euthanasia refers to the act of intentionally ending the life of a patient suffering from a terminal or incurable illness in order to relieve unbearable suffering. This practice remains highly controversial as it involves legal, ethical, human rights, and religious considerations. This study aims to analyze the legal status of euthanasia under Indonesian positive law and Islamic law, as well as to identify the similarities and differences between the two legal systems in their perspectives on the right to life. This research employs a normative legal research method using statutory and conceptual approaches. The legal materials consist of legislation, legal doctrines, scholarly opinions of Islamic jurists, and Islamic legal maxims, which are analyzed qualitatively. The findings indicate that Indonesian positive law prohibits all forms of euthanasia because they are contrary to the right to life guaranteed by the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, the values of Pancasila, and the provisions of the Indonesian Criminal Code, particularly Article 344. From the perspective of Islamic law, active euthanasia is generally prohibited because it contradicts the principle of hifz al-nafs (the preservation of life), one of the essential objectives of maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah. However, under certain circumstances, the withdrawal or withholding of futile medical treatment that merely prolongs suffering without offering any prospect of recovery may be permitted through limited ijtihād regarding passive euthanasia, provided that there is no intention or active act to end the patient's life. Therefore, both Indonesian positive law and Islamic law uphold the protection of human life as a fundamental principle, although they differ in their approach to the withdrawal of medical treatment in specific circumstances.
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